Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP) addresses in speech therapy (fluency/stuttering, social language, overall language development including grammar, vocabulary, understanding concepts, following directions, etc.). Basically, the concept of articulation, or sound production many parents notice sound errors in their child’s speech and wonder about hearing loss problem. Speech therapy for articulation can start with children as early as 3 years old (for sounds like /k/, /g/, etc.) and ages 4 and up and for most other sounds.
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However, With articulation therapy early intervention leads to an increase in positive outcomes, meaning less time and money spent on therapy. Studies show that the age of the child significantly impacts the outcome and duration of therapy. With each year that passes, the length of time needed to re-mediate sound errors with therapy significantly increases, especially after a child reaches 8 years of age.
Speech Therapy work in the following areas:
- To strengthen the muscles of the mouth, jaw and, neck.
- Speech sounds are more clear by speech therapy.
- The facial expressions sync with emotions.
- Helps in understanding body language.
- Helps in responding to questions.
- Matching the picture with its meaning.
- The tone of the voice is modulated.
- The use of speech app on the phones to produce the correct word.
Speech therapy can be provided:
- At a private clinical setting
- In school as an individualized education program.
- At the community, In a natural environment to practice new skills.
- The early invention program(EIP) for children below the age of three can be performed at home.
Cause
Your child is suffering from speech sound disorders if he has.
- An inherited syndrome just like Down syndrome.
- Brain damage like cerebral palsy or a head injury.
- A disorder of development like autism.
- Ear infections, hearing loss.
Cause for adults
- Head injury or brain damage from a stroke.
- Mouth cancers indeed.
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis or Parkinson’s diseases that get worse with time.
Speech pathologists work with a variety of pediatric diagnosis are the following:
- Autism Spectrum Disorders – It affects how a person acts and interacts with others, communicates, and learns. It includes what used to be known as Asperger syndrome and pervasive developmental disorders.
- Cleft Lip and Palate – It includes the difficulty in swallowing, feeding and nasal voice speaking.
- Childhood Deafness – Speech therapy can improve hearing to a large extent.
- Language-Based Learning Disorders – The children with these disorders always face difficulty in speaking, listening and communication.
- Developmental Delay – When the physical and cognitive development of the child is not according to their age, then they suffer from developmental delays.
- Neurological Impairments – Speech therapy also covers a wide area of neurological disorders.
Challenges addressed in speech therapy are the following:
- Articulation: When the child makes the sound in syllables or pronounce words incorrectly. Then listeners don’t understand what you are trying say.
- Stuttering: Abnormal stoppages, partial-word repetitions (“s-s-stop”), or prolonging sounds and syllables (ggggame) interrupts the flow of speech.
- Expressive and receptive language: Problem occurs in putting words together, limited vocabulary, or inability to use language in a socially appropriate way.
- Communication disorders: Problem occurs with communication skills that involve memory, attention, perception, organization, regulation, and problem-solving.
- Feeding and swallowing issues – Myofunctional disorders including tongue thrust.
- Fluency — Stuttering and cluttering, Stroke and congenital disorders
- Auditory Habilitation & Auditory Rehabilitation — Recovery techniques associated with speech, hearing & language disorders
- Disorders related to cognition – Attention, memory to solve problems.
- Speech therapy deals with Apraxia – Oral motor, speech sound and melody of speech assessment are addressed in speech therapy.
- Aphasia – It causes difficulty speaking as a result of some sort of damage to the brain. The condition can also consist of difficulty listening, reading, and writing.
- Apraxia – The term Apraxia comes from the Greek word which means “without action”. However, Apraxia is a neurological disorder that affects the planning of executing the muscle movement.
- Dyspraxia disorder – Dyspraxia is a disorder in which a person having trouble with movement. It is not because of muscle weakness.
- Dysarthria disorder – It is a condition in which the muscles use for speaking are weak or they are facing difficulty in controlling them.
- Voice Disorders – We use our voice to make out different sounds. Our voice pitch alters when we make out different sounds.
- Speech Disorder – The speech is the type of sound of the word that is used to communicate with others. It is normal for young children to say some sounds in the wrong way is called speech disorder.
Different research areas in speech therapy
- DEVELOPMENTAL COMMUNICATION DISORDERS: Speech and/or voice disorders happen in individuals due to chronic neurological disease or injury. This is most common in people affected by Parkinson’s disease, Multiple Sclerosis, stroke, hereditary cerebellar ataxias or cervical spinal cord injury. Researcher research about the symptoms and prevalence of speech and voice disorders in neurological disease/injury in different patterns.
- ACQUIRED COMMUNICATION DISORDERS: The researcher conducts research on the development and disorders of speech and language hearing in adverse conditions in children and adolescents in three different areas; cleft lip and palate, hearing loss, and neurodevelopmental disability.
- EATING AND SWALLOWING DISORDERS: Swallowing disorders (dysphagia) are mostly in neurological disorders (incl stroke), in which the neurological control of the swallowing declines from what is normal. Dysphagia can also occur in other health conditions, for example, COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) and head and neck cancer.
- VOICE DISORDERS: This area of research includes research on the voice in patients who have disorders such as functional, organic, neurological, and hormonal. Some research deal with the development of methods to better understand and quantify various aspects of voice function, others focus on developing the treatment methods for voice disorders.
Conclusion
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